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Sociolingüística catalana


The evolution of the uses and social representation of the languages in Catalonia (1993-2000), by Ernest Querol


CONTINUA


Lets see other interesting aspects about the comparatives between both researches:

-The representation of Spanish (the image that the speakers make) is one of the principal facts correlation the use of Catalan. It increases in all linguistic groups, but it is still very far from Catalan.

-The Catalan representation had in 1993 a very high average inside the four linguistic groups. (Between 645 and 413), that decreased slightly in year 2000, except in the exclusive Spanish speakers, that increase 13 points.

-The social net in Catalan, this means the whole group of persons with who the speaker relations with habitually) decreases slightly in all linguistic groups.

-The social net in Spanish (that went from 88 to 162) descends in all groups (more than the Catalan net did) except in the exclusive Spanish speakers, that increases one point and it established between 63 and 163.

-In all the groups decreases the identification with the Catalan speakers except in the exclusive Spanish speakers, that increases 0.26.

-The average of identification with Spanish speakers increased all.

- The only desired group by the pupils (the group were they would like to be) that has increased is the one that speaks more Catalan. (1.5%) The exclusive Catalan speakers decrease in the same proportion and the Spanish-speaking groups keep exactly the same.

-The results among the variables that influence on the use of Catalan are very similar, independently from the year and analysis used. Let us see in the following table:

Table 6. Variables from the discriminate and regression attitudes from 1993 and year 2000

1993

2000

A. DISCRIMINATE

A. OF REGRESSION

A. DISCRIMINATE

A. OF REGRESSION

Representation of Spanish

Representation of Spanish

Representation of Spanish

Representation of Spanish

Social net in Catalan

Social net in Spanish

Social net in Spanish

Social net in Catalan

Identity

Identification with spanish speakers

Social net in Catalan

Social net in Spanish

Social net in Spanish

Language of the parents

Identity

Identity

Representation of Catalan

     

-The correlation, these means, the co-variations between the variables of the hypothesis all increase in year 2000, and were already high in year 1993. This fact means that all the procedures that we have seen in the previous epigraph (whether the analysis of regression whether it was discriminate, or the correlation) corroborate the hypothesis in a very clarifying way.

4.2.2. The techniques of induction by graphs (SIPINA)

We wanted to add an analysis method of the details named explanative. (Like the correlation, the discriminate analysis and of multiply regression that we have just seen) so it will be very helpful because it allows us to explain a qualitative variable using the explicative variables, by themselves discredited qualities. We are speaking of the acknowledgement by induction graphs. This method consists in building a forecast function under the shape of a graph and decision tree. This allows us to describe o foresee the value taken from a particular variable named endogenous, in function with a name of variables named exogenous.

The program that we have used has been elaborated by D. A. Zighed and Ricco Rakotomalala, members of the ERIC (Equipe de Recherche en Ingénierie des Connaissances) from the University of Lumière Lyon 2. This program is called SIPINA that, as we already advanced, means Interactive System for the Processes of Investigation Non-Ramificated. It extracts acknowledgement from details, it produces decision graphs, that are a generalisation of the decision trees and allows us to treat the explanation problems.

These type of problems can be found frequently in the human science (sociology, biology, psychology, medicine…). The SIPINA is used for example, as help in diagnostics, for the evaluation of a risk, for the establishment of profile characteristics from certain towns, etc (8)

What we obtain with this method is similar to the establishment of profile characteristics in certain towns. We characterise the four linguistic groups that we have established:

-Exclusive Catalan speakers (ECAT),
-More Catalan (+CAT),
-More Spanish (+CAST),
-Exclusive Spanish speakers (ECAS),

With some of the variables that we have introduced in the research. The proceeding is similar to the discriminate analysis (we will comment at point 4.3.1). In first place, lets see in table nr. 7 the global results that this new technique has gave us.


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