The growth in recent decades has notably increased the quality and quantity of infrastructure in Catalonia. Nevertheless, much is still needed due to the historic delay accumulated and the sharp increase in the transport demand in recent years. Barcelona airport is a good example, and in 2009, it inaugurated a modern terminal, the T-1, which incorporates the most state-of-the-art airport management systems and aspires to become one of the most prepared European airports for intercontinental flights. Since its recent inauguration, work has begun to expand it and make it even more competitive.

The same often happens with large road or rail infrastructure. Catalonia has some of the busiest roads and motorways of the peninsula. The AP-7 motorway is essential for cross-border relations and in the same communications access, the high speed rail line is being built that will connect Barcelona with Girona and cross the Pyrenees. The success of the AVE has been remarkable, to the point where it has exceeded the number of passengers of the Barcelona-Madrid air shuttle service.

Catalonia has 12,000 kilometres of roads, of which nearly one thousand are motorways, the majority with a toll. The orography greatly influences the location and the characteristics of the infrastructure. One of the greatest recent road constructions, Eix Transversal or Transverse Axis, was proven very early one to be insufficient for the demand generated and at the moment, it is being widened. Another of the most complex constructions, the Eix del Llobregat or Llobregat Axis, finally goes from Barcelona to Berga as a dual carriageway after numerous years of projects and works.

After a few years of stagnation, the AVE line, which also goes direct to Andalusia without stopping in Madrid, has revitalised the railway, a mode of transport that was established in Catalonia in 1848, with the Barcelona-Mataró line. Furthermore, the AVE, being an international mode of transport, will facilitate passenger and goods connections with the rest of Europe. In the near future, the four Catalan capitals will be connected with high speed trains, which will make substantial changes to the way of life and labour patterns as it will majorly reduce transport times.

One of the main reasons for commercial relations is the ports of Barcelona and Tarragona, and they are considered to be among the most important in the Mediterranean.

In addition to the expansion in the Barcelona airport, the number of flights to the airports of Girona-Costa Brava and Reus has increased considerably in the past few years.